mindmap
root((亲缘))
related
can imply connection by blood or marriage or a correspondently close connection: in separate but ~ incidents.
cognate
applies to things that are genetically alike, have a common ancestor or source, or derive from the same root or stock: ~ words in various languages, such as pater, vater, and father.
kindred
stresses family relations: an isolated community most of whose members were ~; but in more common applications is likely to stress shared interests or tastes or congeniality: felt it to be the meeting of ~ souls.
allied
may imply connection by marriage or voluntary association rather than by origin or blood: ~ through his wife with several prominent English families; or by remote biological relationship, but it is more likely to stress relationship based on common characters, qualities, aims, or effects: DDT and ~ insecticides.
affiliated
often close to allied, distinctively tends to stress a dependent relation like that of a child to a parent: all blood banks ~ with the Red Cross; and may connote a loose union in which the associated elements are independent: the network and its ~ stations.